Before the 20th century many double basses had only three strings, in contrast to the five to six strings typical of instruments in the viol family or the four strings of instruments in the violin family. The double bass is generally regarded as a modern descendant of the string family of instruments that originated in Europe in the 15th century, and as such has been described as a bass Violin. This 1640 painting shows a violone being played. Some early basses were conversions of existing violones. This stance is a key reason for the bass's sloped shoulders, which mark it apart from the other members of the violin family-the narrower shoulders facilitate playing the strings in their higher registers. The double bass player stands, or sits on a high stool, and leans the instrument against their body, turned slightly inward to put the strings comfortably in reach. In jazz and related styles, bassists often add semi-percussive "ghost notes" into basslines, to add to the rhythmic feel and to add fills to a bassline. Pizzicato basslines performed by leading jazz professionals are much more difficult than the pizzicato basslines that Classical bassists encounter in the standard orchestral literature, which are typically whole notes, half notes, quarter notes, and occasional eighth note passages. As well, jazz and rockabilly bassists develop virtuoso pizzicato techniques that enable them to play rapid solos that incorporate fast-moving triplet and sixteenth note figures. In jazz and jump blues, bassists are required to play extremely rapid pizzicato walking basslines for extended periods. In jazz, rockabilly and other related genres, much or all of the focus is on playing pizzicato. The speed and intensity of the vibrato is varied by the performer for an emotional and musical effect. Mid- and higher-register melodies are typically played with more vibrato.
In general, very loud, low-register passages are played with little or no vibrato, as the main goal with low pitches is to provide a clear fundamental bass for the string section. Vibrato is used to add expression to string playing. The Norwegian band Ila Auto, shown here, shows that the bass can be a head taller than the bassist (Kristoffer Iversen).Ĭlassical players perform both bowed and pizz notes using vibrato, an effect created by rocking or quivering the left hand finger that is contacting the string, which then transfers an undulation in pitch to the tone. Classical bass players do play pizzicato parts in orchestra, but these parts generally require simple notes (quarter notes, half notes, whole notes), rather than rapid passages.ĭouble bass is the standard bass instrument in bluegrass. Some of these articulations can be combined for example, the combination of sul ponticello and tremolo can produce eerie, ghostly sounds. Classical bass students learn all of the different bow articulations used by other string section players (e.g., violin and cello), such as détaché, legato, staccato, sforzato, martelé ("hammered"-style), sul ponticello, sul tasto, tremolo, spiccato and sautillé. Bowed notes in the lowest register of the instrument produce a dark, heavy, mighty, or even menacing effect, when played with a fortissimo dynamic however, the same low pitches played with a delicate pianissimo can create a sonorous, mellow accompaniment line. In classical pedagogy, almost all of the focus is on performing with the bow and producing a good bowed tone there is little work done on developing significant pizzicato skills. In jazz, blues, and rockabilly, pizzicato is the norm, except for some solos and also occasional written parts in modern jazz that call for bowing. In orchestral repertoire and tango music, both arco and pizzicato are employed. Like other violin and viol-family string instruments, the double bass is played either with a bow (arco) or by plucking the strings ( pizzicato). While the double bass is nearly identical in construction to other violin family instruments, it also embodies features found in the older viol family. It is uncertain whether the instrument is a descendant of the viola da gamba or of the violin, but it is traditionally aligned with the violin family. It is typically constructed from several types of wood, including maple for the back, spruce for the top, and ebony for the fingerboard.
#PIZZICATO BASS STANLEY CLARKE FULL#
These sizes do not reflect the size relative to a full size, or frac|4|4 bass a 1/2 bass is not half the size of a bass but is only slightly smaller. However, other sizes are available, such as a 1/2 or 3/4, which serve to accommodate a player's height and hand size. The double bass stands around 180 cm (6 feet) from scroll to endpin. Ellen Andrea Wang performing at the Oslo Jazz Festival.
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